I'd like to learn more about the braking system.

Hey guys!  I want to upgrade my braking system, but I know very little about it.  I'm hoping that you all could explain more about it to me.  Could you tell me what happens to the car from the point I press the brake pedal to the point the car stops?  Also, what are the parts of the braking system?  I know that it has pads and rotors and calipers, but that's about it.  What else is involved?  Also, what are some good brands to buy and what types and sizes should I get?  By the way, I drive a 97 Accord LX.  Thanks a lot!