If I put on aluminum valve caps, would that hinder the transmission from the sensor?

I don't think it's any problem with signal transmission.

But since you're never far away from saltwater, keep an eye on them to see whether it creates any interesting corrosion.

You didn't specify what year car in this post; however, your other thread states you have a 2016 Accord.

The 2016 Accord comes with an indirect TPMS that doesn’t use tire pressure sensors mounted inside the tires. Instead, it uses the existing VSA wheel speed sensors to monitor and compare tire characteristics while driving.

So, to answer your question, aluminum valve caps won't hinder the sensors, as the TPMS sensors are not in the wheels.